Advanced Placement US History (AP US History) Practice Exam

What was a major cause of the War of 1812?

1. Trade restrictions with France

2. Impressment of U.S. sailors

3. The Louisiana Purchase

4. Expansion into Canada

The correct answer is: Impressment of U.S. sailors

The impressment of U.S. sailors was a significant cause of the War of 1812, as it directly affected American sovereignty and national pride. British naval forces were actively seizing American merchant ships and forcing their crews into service for the British navy. This practice angered many Americans, as it not only threatened their livelihoods but also challenged the very notion of national independence, particularly following the American Revolution. The feeling of injustice and violation of rights led to growing public sentiment for war. Trade restrictions with France certainly contributed to tensions, particularly in the context of the Napoleonic Wars, but they did not specifically provoke the war in the same direct manner as impressment. The Louisiana Purchase, while significant in expanding U.S. territory and influence, was not a factor that led to the conflict. Expansionist desires towards Canada were present but were more a later result of growing nationalism rather than a primary cause of the war itself. Thus, the direct and personal impact of impressment made it a major catalyst for the War of 1812.