Advanced Placement US History (AP US History) Practice Exam

What is the spoils system?

1. A system of land grants to veterans

2. A practice where political jobs are given to supporters

3. A method of taxation on the wealthy

4. A plan for expanding civil rights

The correct answer is: A practice where political jobs are given to supporters

The spoils system refers to a practice where political jobs and government positions are awarded to individuals based on their loyalty and support for a particular political party or candidate, rather than on merit or qualifications. This system is most commonly associated with the administration of President Andrew Jackson in the 19th century, who believed that political supporters should be rewarded with government positions, thereby promoting a more democratic form of governance. The essence of the spoils system is the idea that winning a political office entitles the victor to appoint friends and allies to government roles, creating a cycle of patronage that can undermine efficiency and accountability in public service. The practice reflected the broader democratic spirit of the time, where the common people's involvement in politics was increasingly encouraged. However, it also led to significant criticism regarding corruption and the competence of individuals filling important government positions without the necessary qualifications. While the other options touch on important historical concepts, they do not capture the essence of the spoils system as accurately as the correct choice. The reference to land grants, taxation, or civil rights plans does not pertain to the political practice of rewarding supporters with jobs and underscores how distinct the spoils system is from other political and economic strategies.