Advanced Placement US History (AP US History) Practice Exam

What movement did Transcendentalism largely influence in the 19th century?

1. Socialism and Marxism

2. Nationalism and Militarism

3. Environmentalism and conservation efforts

4. Social reform movements, including abolitionism

The correct answer is: Social reform movements, including abolitionism

Transcendentalism played a significant role in shaping various social reform movements during the 19th century, particularly abolitionism. This philosophical and literary movement emphasized the importance of individual intuition, spiritual experience, and a deep connection to nature and human rights. Transcendentalists believed in the inherent goodness of people and the need for social change, which laid the groundwork for advocacy against slavery. Prominent figures in the Transcendentalist movement, such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, actively supported social reforms, including the abolition of slavery. They encouraged individuals to challenge unjust laws and societal norms, promoting the idea that civic engagement and moral responsibility were essential for progress. This perspective resonated with many reformers of the time, helping to fuel the abolitionist movement and other social justice causes. While environmentalism and conservation efforts resonate with Transcendentalist beliefs in the value of nature, such movements developed more significantly later on. Socialism and Marxism, though addressing social issues, stemmed from different ideologies, focusing more on economic structures than the philosophical underpinnings of individuality emphasized by Transcendentalism. Nationalism and militarism also diverge significantly from the core tenets of Transcend