Advanced Placement US History (AP US History) Practice Exam

What was the primary reason for the founding of Maryland?

1. To establish a trade route with Europe

2. As a refuge for English Catholics

3. To implement agricultural reforms

4. As a military outpost against the Spanish

The correct answer is: As a refuge for English Catholics

The founding of Maryland was primarily as a refuge for English Catholics. In the early 17th century, many Catholics faced persecution in England under Protestant rule, and there was a growing desire for a place where they could practice their faith freely. Cecil Calvert, also known as Lord Baltimore, was instrumental in the establishment of Maryland, specifically envisioning it as a sanctuary for Catholics seeking relief from religious discrimination. This intention to create a haven for Catholics was codified in the charter granted to Calvert by King Charles I in 1632, which led to the settlement of the colony with the promise of religious tolerance. The Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 further exemplified this commitment, as it allowed for religious freedom for all Christians, illustrating the colony's foundation rooted in the quest for a safe space away from religious oppression. The other options do not align with the primary motivations behind Maryland's founding. While trade was indeed an important aspect of colonial development, it was not the central reason for Maryland's establishment. Agricultural reforms were not a significant factor at the time of founding, as the colony's focus was more on settlement and religious freedom than on reforming practices. Lastly, while defense against possible threats like the Spanish was a consideration in