Advanced Placement US History (AP US History) Practice Exam

Which historical figure is associated with advocating for religious tolerance and founded Rhode Island?

1. Roger Williams

2. William Penn

3. John Winthrop

4. George Whitefield

The correct answer is: Roger Williams

Roger Williams is recognized for his strong advocacy of religious tolerance and for founding the colony of Rhode Island. His beliefs stemmed from a conviction that the government should not impose religious beliefs on individuals, which was a radical idea during the early 17th century, particularly in Puritan New England, where conformity to the established religion was expected. Williams was ultimately banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony due to his views on church and state separation, which led him to establish Providence in 1636, a settlement that later became part of Rhode Island. Rhode Island itself became a haven for those seeking religious freedom, attracting various groups who were often marginalized or persecuted for their beliefs. This included dissenters from other colonies and those fleeing from the constraints of the established church in England. Other historical figures listed had different scopes and focuses. William Penn, for instance, founded Pennsylvania primarily as a Quaker colony promoting religious freedom, but his efforts were aimed at a broader approach towards democratic governance and social justice. John Winthrop, in contrast, was a leading figure in the Puritan establishment and advocated for a society based on Puritan ideals which did not reflect religious tolerance. George Whitefield was a prominent preacher in the Great Awakening known for his influence on