Advanced Placement US History (AP US History) Practice Exam

Which of the following best describes the role of the Federalists in early American politics?

1. Advocates for a strong state government

2. Supporters of a weaker federal government

3. Proponents of a strong central government

4. Opponents of the Constitution

The correct answer is: Proponents of a strong central government

The Federalists played a crucial role in early American politics as proponents of a strong central government. They emerged in the late 18th century, particularly around the time of the Constitutional Convention in 1787 and the subsequent ratification debates. Federalists believed that a robust centralized authority was essential for maintaining order, ensuring national security, and managing economic policy across the diverse states of the newly formed nation. Their support for the Constitution was characterized by a desire to replace the Articles of Confederation, which they felt had created a weak federal government unable to effectively govern or address issues such as interstate trade, defense, and taxation. Prominent figures among the Federalists, such as Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison, argued in favor of a strong federal structure to unify the states and provide stability. The other options reflect viewpoints held by their opponents, the Anti-Federalists, who were concerned that a powerful central government could lead to tyranny and threaten individual liberties and state sovereignty. The Federalists’ advocacy for a strong central authority was instrumental in shaping the United States' political landscape and establishing foundational governance principles.