Advanced Placement US History (AP US History) Practice Exam

Which phrase best describes the political environment of the Gilded Age?

1. Time of economic prosperity

2. Time of social reform

3. Time of strong moral leadership

4. Time of corruption

The correct answer is: Time of corruption

The political environment of the Gilded Age is best described as a time of corruption due to the rampant political malfeasance and the influence of powerful industrialists and businessmen over government officials. This period, roughly from the 1870s to the early 1900s, was characterized by significant political corruption, including practices such as patronage, bribery, and the manipulation of elections. The term "Gilded Age," coined by Mark Twain, suggests a superficial glitter of prosperity that concealed the underlying problems of inequality and corruption. During this time, many political leaders were more concerned with serving the interests of wealthy elites than the general populace. Notable scandals, such as the Credit Mobilier scandal and the Tammany Hall corruption in New York City, exemplified the degree of unethical behavior permeating the political landscape. The lack of strong regulatory frameworks and the close ties between government and business led to widespread public disenchantment with political institutions, prompting calls for reform that emerged in the later Progressive Era. This pervasive atmosphere of corruption and unethical practices aligns closely with the description of the Gilded Age as a time lacking in moral leadership or substantive social reform initiatives.