Advanced Placement US History (AP US History) Practice Exam

Who were the "War Hawks" in Congress?

1. Older politicians who wanted to maintain peace

2. Young congressmen who pushed for war

3. A group focused on military budget cuts

4. Representatives of the Western territories only

The correct answer is: Young congressmen who pushed for war

The "War Hawks" were young, assertive congressmen, primarily from the South and West, who advocated for war against Great Britain in the early 19th century, particularly leading up to the War of 1812. These individuals believed that the U.S. needed to stand up to British interference in American trade and uphold national integrity. Their motivations included a desire to expand U.S. territory and influence, as well as to respond to national pride and honor. The War Hawks played a significant role in Congress during this time, as they mobilized support for military action and influenced public opinion in favor of war. Notable figures among the War Hawks included Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, who became prominent national leaders due to their vigorous promotion of conflict. Their youthful energy stood in contrast to older politicians who generally favored peace and diplomatic solutions. In the context provided, the other choices do not accurately capture the essence of what defined the War Hawks. The older politicians wanting to maintain peace did not align with the War Hawks' aggressive push for military action. Those focused on military budget cuts would be opposed to the War Hawks' objectives, and the idea that only representatives of Western territories were part of this group ignores the broader coalition that included